Irving subway : the fireproof ventilating flooring.

Vti

.

♦I

7/

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M

RVIN6

(PATENTED) HBV MARK

THE FIREPROOF VENTILATING FLOORING

IRVING IRONWORKS CO.

LONG ISLAND CITY. N .Y. . U . S. A.

TR& . i RAJS KUN LIN STITUTE

1^"^ TRADE \ W

RVINGSUBW^f
(PATENTED) fe^ MARK *1

THE FIREPROOF VENTILATING FLOORING

For every architectural, industrial
and marine purpose where the
advantages of a fireproof metallic
flooring are sought, in combination
with maximum lighting and ventila-
tion capacity, and minimum weight.

Catalog 2A

Irving Ironworks Co

Long island City. N.Y.. U.S.A.

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

Irvine/ Subway is the first
grating ever manufactured.
Other gratings have been built
— and most of them are built

Manufacturing g r a t i n g

weans: — quantity purchase of
materials, at lotc cost; machine
methods, at low cost; uniform
high quality, at low cost; biggest
value per dollar of price.

Building grating means: —
small purchases of materials, at
high price; slow hand methods,
at high cost; variable quan
no two panels alike; low value

per dollar of price.

Irving Subway gives you tht
utmost in service at the lowest
cost per unit of service.

Two

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

Irving

Sub

way came into being with

the coming of underground transit sys-

Ame

This brought the first

demand for gratings in large quantities.

— the superiority of
which was already recognized — was called

And Irving Subwaj

for in such large orders as to justify the
design and installation of special machin-
ery for quantity production.

Thus, Irving Subway was the first
grating .ever manufactured on a quantity
and quality basis. And though the large
demands for it which came from the sub-
way systems have long since been sup-
plied, the unquestioned merits of Irving
Subway as a fireproof ventilating floor-
ing and grating, have opened up new
markets in the architectural, industrial
and marine world which keep the Irving

A subway ventilation opening beside Bryant Park,
New York, Forty-second Street, near Sixth Avenue.
Typical of hundreds of Irving Subway installations in
New York.

Three

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

factory working to capacity. It has
ceased to be a mere specialty with a
limited field and has become an engineer-
ing product with a recognized place in
the construction world.

Construction

Irving Subway consists of a series of
light steel bars placed on edge, between
each pair of which a reticuline bar is
placed and firmly riveted in positon. The
finished section is a light but inflexible

panel embodying the well-known truss
principle of construction, by which a load
applied at any point is at once distributed
over a wide area. Maximum strength is
thus secured with the minimum weight of
material. When riveted up, each section
of Irving Subwav is. in all essentials, a

*

solid unit in which there is, and can be,
no looseness, no play, no rattling.

Types

There are two standard types of Irving
Subway, differing in appearance and in
price, but not in strength or general merit.
In Type "G" the crimp of the reticuline
bars is elongated, with a spacing of 7
inches between rivets, resulting in a
panel with comparatively large openings

— open mesh, to use a common term.
In Type "E" the crimp in the reticuline
bars is shorter and rivet spacing 3 1/2
inches — resulting in a panel of smaller
openings and close mesh." The rated
load capacitv is the same for both Type
"G" and "E." Choice between them in
anv case is to be determined by the factor
of size of mesh.

Four

Irving Iron Works, Long Island Citiu N. Y

^&M

Irving Subway, Type "G"

Irving Subway, Type " E "

Five

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. V.

10*

See the flood of light admitted to this vault by the
Irving Subway overhead. Think of the generous venti-
lation afforded.

Exclusive Advantages

Briefly summarized, Irving' Subway
offers the following exclusive advantages
ver any other form of grating or grat-
ing-flooring: —

Maximum strength per unit of weight.

Minimum weight per unit of load and
span.

Uniform distribution of load by truss
construction.

Minimum deflection per unit of load
and span.

Maximum lighting and ventilation area
I 80% of panel area).

Absolutely non-slipping surface.
Cannot become loose and rattly.

Six

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y

Oil or grease, ice or snow, age or wear,
does not impair its non-slipping qualities.

Minimum lodgement for dirt or solid
objects.

Small size of individual openings
(mesh) prevents passage of tools, etc.

Wheels or rib-hooped barrels can be
rolled over it in any direction without go-
ing through.

Its light weight means minimum weight
and cost of the supporting structure.

A gallery of Irving Subway beside a big unit in a
power plant.

Sev-ii

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

\ car loading pi n ring Subwaj in a chemieal

plant.

Safe, comfortable and noiseless to walk
or work upon.

Safe to work under, because nothing
large and heavy can fall through it.

Openings for pipes, columns, etc., can
be cut out without seriously impairing the
strength of the panel.

Easily fitted into corners or formed in
irregular shapes without impairment of
strength.

While affording maximum opening for
lighting and ventilation, the depth of th
bar members obstructs vision except when
directly beneath.

Easily mounted or attached to any type
of construction by means of specially de-
vised fasteners — no drilling, no tapping
no bolts or screws needed.

it

Irving Iron Works, Long Island Citv. N. Y

wmsm/mmm.

s

\

Rib-hooped barrels mil over Irving Subway as easily
as over smooth, solid floor.

Here Irving Subwaj is used over a pit in
room— a non-slipping surface to walk upon,
air for the pit below.

an engine

Light and

Nine

Irving Iron Works, Long Island Cifp, N. Y

Acres of Irving Subway constitute the fireproof ven-
tilating flooring in this big warehouse.

Applications in Building Equipment

Following the advent of Irving Sub-
way as a standard fireproof ventilating
flooring, architects were quick to recog-
nize its possibilities even for purposes for
which no other grating had ever been
considered.

For covering areas in front of show-
windows — particularly those intended for
the ladies' attention — the non-slipping
and comfortable surface, and the close

mesh, of Irving Subway have been found

particularly attractive. Baby carnage
wheels and French heels cannot go
through or get caught.

Used as parapet railings around the
roofs of buildings, its close mesh gives
the necessarv seclusion from those "across

•.

Ten

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y

the way" and affords an ornamental ap-
pearance with an effective impression of
solidity when viewed from the street or

at an angle.

As a removable mat over a floor in lab-
oratories or other places where sand or
plaster might fall and be ground under
foot and be tracked about, it offers
peculiar advantages.

And other more obvious but no less im-
portant applications of Irving Subway
are found in window guards, register
openings, sidewalk doors, elevator grat-
ings, ventilation shafts, stair steps, thea-
tre gridirons, gallery flooring, hatchway
coverings, armoring for concrete floors
and platforms, etc.

An elevator penthouse floored with Irving Subway.
Illustration furnished by courtesy of the National Safety
Council,

Eleven

ii ~m

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

Light and air

pumping engine
work around it.

in plenty for the pit beneath this big
-and a safe footing for the men who

Some Representative Users

To list all the users of Irving Subway
would go beyond the space limits of this
book — and the list would be incomplete
before the pages left the press. However,
the service rendered by any product may
best be judged by the character of the
concerns that use it. And on pages 16 and
17 a partial list of users of Irving Subway

only the great

showing

not

is given,

diversity of its industrial applications but
also the nation-wide recognition which its
merits have won.

To any inquirer in any line of business,
the Company will be glad to furnish, on
request, a list complete to date of Irving
Subway installations in his own particu-
lar field of industry. One peculiarly

Fourteen

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

satisfactory feature of Irving business ts
the extent to which Irving Subway has
been sold by the recommendations of its
users. Another is the large number of
repeat orders that have followed small
initial installations.

Load Ratings, Spans, Etc.

On pages 18 and 19 are tabulated the
safe load ratings of Irving Subway, for

with

various spans

together

sizes of

members and factors by means of which
deflections under any contemplated load
can be computed for any given span.

115

Near Herald Square, New York.
streets, Irving Subway is sought for
affords.

With icy, slipper;

the safe footing it

Fifteen

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City^ N. Y.

I

SOME REPRESENTATIVE USERS OF

IRVING SUBWAY.

Aluminum Co. of America.

American Steel AN i re Co.

American Sugar Refining Co.

American Locomotive Co.

American Smelting- & Refining Co.

Boston Transit Co.

Byllesby, H. M., & Co.

Barrett Co,

Cramp, Win., & Sons, Ship & Engine Bldg. Co.

Camaauey Electric Co. (Cuba)

Canadian-Niagara Power Co.

Carolina Power & Light Co.

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R.

Czarnikow-Rionda Co. (Honolulu).

Chili Exploration Co.

Dn Pont, E. I. De Nemours Co.

Edison, Thomas A., Co.

East St. Louis Water Co.

Federal Sugar Refining Co.

Fleischman Co.

Fore River Shipbuilding Co.

Ford Motor Co.

Ford, Bacon & Davis

Foundation Co.

General Chemical Co.

Georgia Power & Light Co.

Greenfield Tap & Die Co.

Heppenstahl Forge & Knife ' ».

Hyatt Roller Bearing Co.

Illinois Central Railroad Co.

International Nickel Co.

Interborough Rapid Transit (

KopperSj H., Co.

Linde Air Products Co.

Loft Candy Co.

Lehigh & Wilkesbarre Coal Co.

Mobile Shipbuilding Co.

Merchant Shipbuilding Co.

New Jersey Zinc Co.

m

N- w York Central Railroad Co.
Nebraska Gas & Electric Co.
Newport Turpentine & Resin Co.
Newport News S. B. & D. D. Co.
Ohio Match Co.
Oklahoma Pipe Line Co.
Prairie Pipe Line Co.
Pennsylvania R. R. Co.
Pennsylvania Salt Co.
Pathe Exchange
Pensacola Shipbuilding Co.

Sixteen

Irving Iron Works, Long Island G7p, TV. Y.

Ray Consolidated Copper Co.

Riter-Conley Co.

Superior Coal Co.

Standard Oil Co.

Stone & Webster Engineering Corp.

Solvay Process Co.

Standard Oil Cloth Co.

Seaboard Chemical Co.

Susquehanna Coal Co.

Submarine Boat Corp.

Texas Co.

U. S. Navy Yards.

Union Bag & Paper On-p.

Virginia Power Co.

Western Electric Co., Chicago.

White, J. G,, Management Corp.

Winchester Repeating Arms Co.

Whittaker Glessner

Wright Wire Co.

Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co.

Willard Storage Battery Co.

Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co.

A boiler room floor of Irving Subway in an oil-burn-
ing steamship.

Seventeen

Irvins Iron Works, Long Island Ciiv, N. Y.

SAFE LOAD TABLE— AL:

L=Safe load in lbs. per sq. ft.

D=Deflection i

SIZE SYMBOL AND
SPECIFICATIONS

Grating. _ deep

Symbol, IS

Straight Bar-,
Reticuline

^' I

I ;

•

Grating, 1" deep

Symbol. 2S

Straight Ba~-
Reticuline

x

- --

Grating. 1 L deep

Symbol, 3S

Straight Be-
Reticuline

1

:

Grating, 1 1 2 deep

Symbol S

Bars,
Reticuline

i

Grating, 1 - : _ deep

Symbol, 5S

straight Bars,
Rt uline "

1% x 3 i.

JL X

Grating. 2 deep

Symbol, 6S

Straight Bars
Reticuline

2' s

x

Grating, 2 ! _ deep

v mbol, 7S

Straight Bars .
Reticuline

_ x3„

x >

2-6"

3

-U 3-6

L

D
C

11

. ■ -

127

n"

.17 .25" .34
00069 .00143 .00265

L

D
C

445

.129
KX)29

18c

~>->

— t

254

L 1100

D .11

v_

•01

'

.00112

730

5

.152

.00021

.206'
.00038

L 1530

1100

D

.132

C .000058 • .0001.

L 20e

D

14. :
.108

-

C .000036 .000075

.173"
00023

110

.154

ooo:

L

D .066

000025

1875

m

r

1375

.129'

.000051 .000094

_■+■.. i I 1/65

L 5460

D I .085" .116

C . .000036 .000066

DEFLECTIO N S— To obtain the deflection under any uniform loa
constant M C M from the above table for that span. The result will be the deflecti

STANDARD

SPACING

TYPES "*D" AND " G " — From center to center of straight bars,
center. Rivet spacing, 7 inches center to center along straight bars. 1

TYPE "E** — From center to center of straight bars. Pi<$ inch — ex |
spacing, 3 ;nches center to center along straight bars. ]

STANDARD UNIT

The standard unit in Irving Subway, in all three types, is 24 inches
for gratings Y% inch and over* This standard is fixed not alone to simplify man
rearrangement for setting machinery or making repairs. |

\\ e can adapt our construction to meet any requirements of shape or |
UNITS SMALLER THAN STANDARD, the pro rata square foot price app I
required, a small extra price is added. ]

Prices quoted always include or -hop coat of paint.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR ORDERING j

In ordering Irving Subway, designate by quantity, symbol, size and t> j

Eighteen

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City. N. Y.

IRVING SUBWAY" TYPES

hes for load L

C=Deflection Constant (D : L)

S P A IS

r s i ]

N F E

; H T

4'-0" '

4'-6"

5'-0"

5'-6"

6'-0"

7'-0"

8'-0" '

9'-0"

97

.44"
00451

173

138

112

.329"
.00190

.421"
.00305

.521"
00465

410

325 •

265

215

185

155

100

1 so

.27"
.00065

.343"
.00105

.426"
.0016

.506"
.0024

.617"
. 0033

.958"
.0062

1.05"

01 05

1
.0169

595

470

380

315

265

195

150

115

.226"

.00038

.286"
.00061

.353"
.0009

.428"
.0014

.510"
.0019

.696"
.0036

.913"
.0061

1.121"
. 0( >97

810

635

520

425

360

265

200

160

.194"
. 00024

.244"
. 00038

.304"
.00058

.363"
.00085

.436"
.0012

.595"
.0022

.766"
.0038

.981"
.0061

1055

830

675

560

470

345

265

2lo

.169"
.00016

.213"
.00025

.264"
.00039

.321"
.00057

.381"
.0008

518"
.0015

.680"

.0026

.863"
.oi)41

1550

1065

865

715

600

440

.UN

265

.175"
.00011

.193"
.00018

.237"
.000 J 7

.288"
.0004

.342"
00057

.467"
.0011

.609"
.0018

771"
.0029

square foot on a given span, multiply that load per square foot by the deflection
inches at center of span.

INSTRUCTION

ich — except for bars K inch and 1 inch deep, where spacing is l ] 4 inch center to
for bars •% inch and 1 inch deep, where spacing is X% inch center to center. Rivet

ind 6 feet long, for H inch and 1 inch gratings; and 13/2 inches wide and 6 feet long
uring and shipping, but also to facilitate installation and to make easy removal or

»f area to be covered — usually with standard units. Where the conditions necessitate
n these special panels- But where UNITS LARGER THAN STANDARD are

ms:— "500 square feet 5S f Type G/'

Nineteen

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

IRVING SAFETY WALKWAYS

FOR SHIPS, POWEB STATIONS, INDUS-
TRIAL PLANTS, ETC,

For elevated or suspended walkways,
Irving Subway offers advantages found
in no other grating or metallic flooring.
Its non-slipping surface — not affected by
oil or grease — gives a safe footing and a
feeling of comfort and security in walk-

CD *J

ing upon it.

Its great strength and rigidity coupled
with its extreme light weight make in-
stallation easy and inexpensive because
only the lightest supporting framework
is needed. Usually a gallery or walkway
of Irving Subway can be hung from or
attached to the frame of an existing
building without going beyond a safe load
and without any reinforcement.

wJ

The large lighting area — 80% of panel
area — does not noticeably impair lighting
conditions below. And the small mesh
prevents any but the smallest objects
falling through. Irving Walkways are
clean and sanitary because they do not
accumulate dirt.

The drawings on the opposite page
give some construction details. Irving
Walkways are made and assembled in
complete units, ready for installation.

Twenty

Innng Iron Works, Long Island Cf/p, N. Y

2r CW»*S TO tACH SvPPflRt^NA ft^s.

NOTE.— Straight bars, %" x v."; retieuline bars, ."
x y s ' f . Walkways are delivered assembled complete in
convenient units* including grating, side bars and sup-
ports, ready for erection. The gratings are always re-
movable from their frames. Special allowances are pro-
vided <m walkways for fitting on the job, when actual
dimensions are doubtful. All positive connections and
holes are provided.

A walkway and stairs of Irving Subway in the boiler
room of a steamship.

Twenty-one

^+^^m^-^-

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

IRVING SUBWAY FLOORING

FOR BOILER AND ENGINE ROOMS, IN
SHIPS, POWER STATIONS, IN-
DUSTRIAL PLANTS, ETC.

As a boiler room flooring* in oil-fired

power plants, Irving Subway stands

supreme. Its non-slipping, non-oil-re-
taining surface gives the finest kind of a
footing and means comfort for the boiler

room force. (See illustration on page 17.)

Its 80% opening permits free circula-
tion of air and keeps the boiler and engine
room well ventilated and comfortable.
Its light sectional construction makes it
easy to install. And wherever an open-
ing is wanted later, a section can be re-
moved. Or, if changes in arrangement
are needed, they can easily be made at
any time.

*

A combination of Irving Subway for
flooring, Irving Walkway for galleries,
and Irving Safety Stair Steps, gives the
finest kind of an equipment for the up-
to-date power plant or ship.

Construction details are shown on the

page.

Twenty- two

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

— P\.A*N4 —

S

i

2

r

t

7

U
It)
If,

U

a

HULk

JA

^

Ei^W^or^-

S^cTioM A- A

NOTE: — For %" grating, span "A" not to exceed 3':
for 1" grating, span "A" not to exceed 4\ Grating Moor-
ing made up in units about 24" by 6', each unit provided
with 6 adjustable clips as shown, making the units easily
removable and taking supports as provided for common
plate flooring. No drilling of supports necessary
Adjustable field clips provided for special fittings.

Twenty -three

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

IRVING SAFETY STAIR STEPS

FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANTS. .MARINE
EQUIPMENT, FIRE ESCAPES.

CAR STEPS. ETC.

Originally a special application of Irv-
ing Subway, these Safety Stair Steps
have gained such popularity that theA
are now a standard prod net in the Irving
line. Each step is a complete unit, with"
its own carriers, easily installed and more
durable than any other step.

You never have to "watch your step"
on a ladder or .stairs with Irving Safety
Steps. They are absolutely non-slipping,
even with oil or grease upon them. When
used out of doors they cannot accumulate
snow or ice (as a solid step does) — give a
secure footing even in freezing weather.
They cannot till up with dirt, and .ire
clean and sanitary.

They're strong enough for any load
that may come upon them— yet so light
that they need only the lightest supports.
Standard sizes, specifications, etc., are
given on the opposite page.

Twenty-four

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

&* ; ^os **^ \X'\

*=>- a*na

utNlSTK

(_

TKoniT E^£\ - 3r^L

1

Q

r

jj 1 -*.aQ.vte. FLATTY *T*

*^~ EACH C*4D Of 'TgVM

v

hXM -•- ■»

sccT^oni *, ^

S"I VXDARli SIZI S

Complete units assembled, with punched carrier plates attached,

ready for setting

Width

7
10

Speei-
ft
tions

LENGTH

1-7

1 -7
1"

1

-10!

■-U

1 -10;
1

1

Straight bars
Reticnline bars
Front bar
Carrier bars

!
2 -2

X '

X

1" X

2| s

-

2-5':

I

3

,,'

I
I

1

1 X

L X '
1

I ustance

a i

2!

4 1

I -ther type- and -izes made to order fur sp< i Lai i onditions.

This stairway of Irving Subway is safe and non-slip-
ping in all kinds of weather.

Twenty -five

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y

IRVING SUB AN" AY

FOR SIDEWALK GRATINGS, GRATING

DOORS. AND AREA COVERS

Nothing so well meets the demands of
this service as Irving Subway. It affords
a comfortable non-slipping surface under
all weather conditions— as illustrated on
page 15. While affording 80% opening
for lighting and ventilation, the individual
openings are so small, and so shaped, that
heels cannot get caught nor baby carriage
wheels go through.

As to durability — Irving Subway in the
busiest streets of New York shows no
appreciable wear after years of traffic-
no looseness, no rattling, no loss of non-
slipping qualities.

As mounted with Irving patented flush
hinges \\ ith special frame, it is a perma-
nent structure with nothing whatever pro-
jecting above the sidewalk surface and
with practically no ledges to catch dirt.
It is sold preferably in complete units, in-
cluding panels, hinges and frames.

Twenty-six

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y.

Irving Subway beside Hotel Manhattan, New York
City: architecturally and mechanically right.

Irving patented non-
dirt- collecting support
for sidewalk gratings.

)

Irving patented flush

hinge for sidewalk doors.

127

\~-

Sidewalk doors
Madison Avenue,
surface.

of Irving
New Yo

Subway, 42nd Street and
: note absolutely flush

Twenty -seven

Irving Iron Works, Long Island Citv, N. Y.

IRVING SUBWAY
FOR CONCRETE ARMORING

Out of an almost accidental use of
Irving Subway for armoring the surface
of concrete, lias grown an important busi-
ness in this special application. The ad-
vantages of Irving Subway for this
purpose are so obvious as to need little
explanation.

Panels of Irving Subway — usually 3/4
inch in depth — are laid to cover the re-
quired area and embedded in the concrete
floor which is trowelled flush with the
grating surface. The result is a smooth
concrete floor armored with -teel bars.

Used for loading platforms in ware-
houses and factories — in freight yards
and express stations — on wharfs and
docks — in milk depots — in paper mills —
where barrels, boxes, cans, etc.. may be
dropped or heavy trucks rolled — Irving
Subway adds immeasurably to the life of
the concrete surface, by taking the shocks
which would otherwise shatter the con-
crete surface. It makes the surface
non-slipping and more comfortable — and
there are no unsightly repair patches with

the passing of time.

Some details are shown on the opposite

page.

Twenty- eig-ht

Irving Iron Works, Long Island Citv, N. Y.

PLAN

Joint

*-*-— Ct:A\tNT FLOOR FLU/ H
% | TOP OF Q.RAT1

v^ i Tn

r

Joint

— r

d

■^-^—1 GRATING

iFlNFLOOC

-'• - - ; &

& •

4

ft' 'POUftMFiQOtt

J

Could anything so well serve the purpose as Irving
Subway, in this engine room?

Twenty-nine

Irving Iron Works, Long Island City, N. Y

IRVING STORAGE RACKS

FOR OFFICES, FACTORIES, WAREHOUSES.

SHOW ROOMS, ETC.

For storage racks for any purpose,
Irving Subway offers advantages found
in no other type of metallic shelving. Its
extremely light weight for the load car-
ried makes lighter, less costly supporting
framework possible. It affords no lodge-
ment for dust or dirt — is clean and sani-
taiy. It permits free circulation of air
where this is desirable. It is fireproof,
depreciation-proof, and can be rearranged
as often as desired. It is made in units
of convenient size and can be assembled
in stacks of any size, width and capacity
desired, with the least possible trouble.

TIk illustration shows a combination of
Irving Storage Rack Shelving, Irving
Walkway for the galleries, and Irving
Safety Stair Steps. On the opposite
page are sketches showing various assem-
blies of standard Irving Units.

Correspondence on this specialty is in-
vited, and quotations will be made based
on the most economical size of standard
units for the loads and spans and service
required.

Thirty

Irving Iron Works, Long Island G/p, TV. Y.

\

/

s

"

Diagrams showing possible arrangements of Irving
Shelving, Walkwaj md Stair Steps — for storage ricks,
stock rooms, etc.

Irving Storage Rack Shelving in combination with
Irving Walkway for galleries and Irving Safety Stair
Steps.

Thirty-one

Irvine I

i \

I J /

# i c%

Island C ,7v. \ )

IRVING PATENTED SHBWA^

I VST] VI RS

■

J

V

•

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Irving Iron Works, Long Island Citv, N. Y.

SOME TESTS OF IRVING

SUBWAY

On the next two pages are graphic pre-
sentations of the results of some tests on
Irving Subway made in the laboratories
of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The
figures demonstrate conclusively that the
safe load ratings tabulated on pages 18
and 19 provide a factor of safety which
could he exceeded only under the most ex-
treme conditions of service.

The illustration inset on page 35— one
of the panels used in the tests above re-
ferred to — shows conclusively how a load
concentrated at one point (indicated by
the arrow) is distributed over the panel
area by means of the truss action of the
reticuline bars. No other type of grating
or ffrating-flooring has this important
feature of load distribution.

Thirty-tbree

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Thirty-five

Irving Iron Worlds, Long Island City, N. Y.

B Lucius I. Wightman, New Fork

Printing by .smith & Thomson. New York

2A- 1 5M-4-1 9

Thirty-Six